What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry studies the chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. It combines chemistry and biology to understand how life works at the molecular level.

The Four Major Biomolecules

Proteins

Made of amino acids, proteins perform structural, enzymatic, signaling, and transport functions. Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions.

Carbohydrates

Sugars and starches provide energy and structure. Glucose is the primary energy source for cells. Cellulose provides structural support in plants.

Lipids

Fats and oils store energy, form membranes, and function as signaling molecules. Phospholipids create cell membranes.

Nucleic Acids

DNA stores genetic information, RNA transmits it and builds proteins. These molecules carry the instructions for life.

Metabolism

Metabolism includes all chemical reactions in cells. Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy. Anabolism builds molecules using energy.