What is Magnetism?

Magnetism is a force caused by the motion of electric charges. This guide explains magnetic fields, magnetic poles, electromagnets, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Magnetic Fields

A magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic forces act. Field lines emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole, forming loops. The closer the lines, the stronger the field.

Magnetic Poles

Every magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Like poles repel (N-N, S-S), opposite poles attract (N-S). You cannot isolate a single pole—cutting a magnet creates two smaller magnets, each with both poles.

Electromagnets

Electromagnets are temporary magnets created by electric current flowing through a coil of wire. The magnetic field strength depends on the current and number of coil turns. Electromagnets are used in motors, speakers, and MRI machines.

Electromagnetism

Electricity and magnetism are interconnected. Moving electric charges create magnetic fields (electromagnetism), and changing magnetic fields can induce electric current (electromagnetic induction). This relationship powers generators and transformers.