What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. This fundamental process produces oxygen and forms the base of most food chains on Earth.

The Photosynthesis Equation

Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Light-Dependent Reactions

Occur in thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll absorbs light, splits water molecules, and produces ATP and NADPH while releasing oxygen.

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Occur in stroma. Use ATP and NADPH from light reactions to convert CO₂ into glucose through carbon fixation.